Daniel Smith is a clinical lecturer in the Department of Psychological Medicine at Cardiff University (Henry Wellcome Building for Biomedical Research, Academic Avenue, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: djsmith1999{at}hotmail.com). He has research interests in the classification and genetics of bipolar disorder. Nassir Ghaemi is Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health and Director of the Bipolar Disorders Research Program at Emory University, in the US state of Georgia. He has published widely on nosological and treatment aspects of bipolar disorder.
Recent work suggests that a broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorder is more common than previously thought and that the disorder may affect up to 5% of the population. The correct definition and diagnosis of hypomania is central to the identification of bipolar disorder. In this review we focus on recent diagnostic and clinical advances relating to bipolar disorder, with particular reference to hypomanic states. We also highlight some of the controversies in this field and discuss ways in which clinicians might improve their detection of bipolar disorders.
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