
Tim Calton is a psychiatrist by training. An ex-user of mental health services, he critically explores this system using a variety of discursive, empirical and activism-based approaches. He is a special lecturer in the Department of Health Psychology at the University of Nottingham and Research Fellow at the Institute of Mental Health in Nottingham. Helen Spandler is a senior research fellow in the School of Social Work at the University of Central Lancashire. She has written on therapeutic communities and working with young people who self-harm.
Correspondence: Correspondence Dr Tim Calton, c/o Department of Health Psychology, Division of Psychiatry, A Floor, South Block, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Email: tim.calton{at}btinternet.com
UK guidelines for treating people diagnosed with schizophrenia currently emphasise the primacy of antipsychotic medication, with or without psychosocially based interventions as circumstances dictate. We now see increasing calls, most notably from mental health service users, for the provision of whole-person-based, minimal-medication approaches to treating people with this diagnosis. This article is intended to locate the development of such approaches within the history of modern and pre-modern psychiatry and, in doing so, summarise the available evidence base that underpins their efficacy.
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