Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T03:36:17.671Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Treatment of imagined ugliness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The term ‘dymorphophobia’ – derived from the Greek dysmorphia, meaning ugliness (expressly of the face) – was first coined by Morselli in the late-19th century. He described a subjective feeling of a physical defect which the patient feels is noticeable to others, although his appearance is within normal limits. Dysmorphophobia first appeared in the US psychiatric nosology (as an atypical somatoform disorder) in 1980, with the publication of DSM–III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). However, the term was subsequently criticised both because the condition does not represent a phobia as such, and also because the use of the term had become so broad and imprecise (see Munro & Stewart, 1991).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 1999 

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM–III). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM–IV). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Barr, L.C., Goodman, W. K. & Price, L. H. (1992) Acute exacerbation of body dysmorphic disorder during tryptophan depletion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1406.Google Scholar
Bloch, S. & Glue, P. (1988) Psychotherapy and dysmorphobia: A case report. British Journal Of Psychiatry 152, 271274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connolly, F. H. & Gibson, M. (1978) Dysmorphophobia – a long term study. British Journal Of Psychiatry, 132, 568570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitts, S. N., Gibson, P., Redding, C. A. et al (1989) Body dysmorphic disorder: Implications for its validity as a DSM–III–R clinical syndrome. Psychological Reports, 64, 655658 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukuda, O. (1977) Statistical analysis of dysmorphophobia in out-patient clinic. Japanese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 20, 569577 Google Scholar
Gomez-Perez, J. C., Marks, I. M. & Gutierrez-Fisal, J. L. (1994) Dysmorphophobia: clinical features and outcome with behaviour therapy. European Psychiatry, 9, 229235.Google Scholar
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A. et al (1989) The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 10061016.Google Scholar
Hay, G.G. (1970) Dysmorphophobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 399406.Google Scholar
Hollander, E., Cohen, L. J. & Simeon, D. (1993) Body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 359364.Google Scholar
Jenicke, M. A. (1984) A case report of successful treatment of dysmorphophobia with tranylcypromine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 14631464.Google Scholar
McElroy, S. L., Phillips, K. A., Keck, P. E. et al (1993) Body dysmorphic disorder: Does it have a psychotic subtype? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 389395 Google Scholar
Munro, A. (1980) Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 24, 3438.Google Scholar
Munro, A. & Stewart, M. (1991) Body dysmorphic disorder and the DSM–IV: the demise of dysmorphophobia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 9196.Google Scholar
Oosthuizen, P., Lambert, T. & Castle, D. J. (1998) Dysmorphic concern: prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 129132 Google Scholar
Philippopoulos, G. S. (1979) The analysis of a case of dysmorphophobia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 397401.Google Scholar
Phillips, K. A., McElroy, S. L., Keck, P. E. Jr. et al (1993) Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 150, 302308.Google ScholarPubMed
Phillips, K. A., McElroy, S. L., Keck, P. E. Jr. et al (1994) A comparison of delusional and nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 30, 179186.Google ScholarPubMed
Phillips, K. A., McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J. I. et al (1995) Body dysmorphic disorder: An obsessive–compulsive sectrum disorder, a form of affective spectrum disorder, or both? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56 (suppl. 4), 4151.Google Scholar
Phillips, K. A., Nierenberg, A. A., Brendel, G. et al (1996) Prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in atypical major depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184, 125129.Google Scholar
Rosen, J. C., Saltzberg, E. & Srebnik, D. (1989) Cognitive behaviour therapy for negative body image. Behaviour Therapy, 20, 393404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, J. C., Cado, S., Silberg, N. T., Srebnik, D. et al (1990) Cognitive–behaviour therapy with and without size perception training for women with body image disturbance. Behaviour Therapy, 21, 481498.Google Scholar
Rosen, J. C., Reiter, J. & Orosan, P. (1995) Cognitive–behavioural body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 63, 263269.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1992) The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD–10). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.